Ch24and25_Demberro

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=Chapters 24 and 25=

Prelaboratory Assignment
Answers to these questions are to be written in your **lab journals** //BEFORE// coming to class on lab day.

I believe that they will be sinusoidal where it is greatest at 0º. Based on the reading for polarization, the dimensions of the light waves get cut off by the “picket fences”, so if they are at angles to each other, some will be cut off. The light waves will be measured by their color, which will show frequency and wavelength, at each angle. These numbers would not be exact, yet they would be fairly close.
 * 1) The objective is stated in the title. What is your hypothesis? (Attempt to answer the question, to the best of your knowledge.)
 * 1) What is the rationale for your hypothesis? (Provide detailed reasoning here. This may take the form of a list of what you already know about the topics, with a summary at the end.)
 * 1) How do you think you might test this hypothesis? (What might you measure and how?)
 * 1) Read the procedure and calculations. Make any tables in order to organize your data and calculations.
 * Angle Between Polarizers || Intensity ||

Minimum at 0º between the two, maximum at 90º. Inversely related as angle grows.
 * 1) Light is shown through a set of 2 polarizing filters. When is transmitted light at maximum intensity? Minimum intensity?
 * 1) What is the relationship of the intensity of transmitted light to the angle of the polarizers between 0 and 90 degrees?

Lesson 1D Summary
An unpolarized light, vibrating in multiple planes, will be restricted in it vibrations so it is only going in one direction. There are four ways: Polaroid filter, which almost blocks out the light so it only goes in one direction. Reflection when off a non-metalic surface. Refraction, where it passes through a different materials. Scattering, as it goes through a different medium.
 * What is polarization?**
 * How can light waves be polarized**

Lesson 2A Summary
Shows different types of waves from largest wavelength to smallest (or, because it is the inverse, smallest frequency to highest). Because the visible light makes up such a small part of the spectrum, it shows how the human eye is sensitive to a certain frequency.
 * What are electromagnetic and visible spectra?**

Lesson 1 Summary
Light illuminates objects so they can be seen by the eye. One of the rays from the light source will come form object, reflect off mirror, and reach one's eye. Light approaches object at incidence angle, then reflects off of it at same angle. Specular is off smooth surface and is "cleaner" when it reflects. Diffuse is off rough surface and goes in all different directions.
 * What is the role of light to sight?**
 * What is the line of sight, relating to mirrors?**
 * What is Law of Reflection?**
 * What is difference between specular and diffuse reflection?**

Lesson 2
Light comes to the eye and seems to focus on the intersection of where the image of the object is. With law of reflection, the rays bounce off mirror and can be along the sight of an eye, which is how the image is formed. Things appear the same side, right-side up, they are virtual since they are "in" the mirror, and there is a right-left reversal. If the image was "out" of the mirror, it would be real. Shows how light travels in a pictorial sense to show a field of vision.
 * Why is image formed in a plane mirror?**
 * What are the characteristics of images formed in plane mirrors**
 * What is a ray diagram**

Half-length of your body, as this picture shows clearly.
 * What portion of mirror is required to be able to see all your body?**

Lesson 3 and 4
It has a focal point on same side as the object. It curves away from the object. The middle plane through it is principal axis. Using a ray diagram on goes straight through C, another goes through F, then reflects parallel, and the third one goes parallel to principal axis then reflects through F. All of this is based off Law of Reflection. Based on the ray diagram as described above, they can be broken down by LOST L is location, they can be in front or beyond the mirror. O is orientation, they can be upright or inverted. S is size, bigger or smaller. T is type, whether they are real or virutal, depending on if image is in front of or behind mirror. These can all be determined by ray diagram. Determining distance: Magnitude: Rays do not go according to what law of reflection says. It can be reduced by covering corners of concave mirror. Not much. Equations are the same. Focal point and C are now on other side of the mirror. The image will always be virtual, reduced, and upright.
 * What are the characteristics of a concave mirror?**
 * How do you find an image produced by a concave mirror?**
 * What are the characteristics of images from concave mirrors?**
 * What are the equations for concave mirrors?**
 * What is a spherical aberration?**
 * What is different about a convex mirror from a concave one?**